Efficacy of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. extract in enhancing diabetic wound healing through modulation of IL-1β, PDGFβ, and TGF-β in a rat model

Published in

Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research

Date

2025-08-28

Volume / pages

vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1776-1796

DOI

10.56499/jppres24.2259_13.6.1776

Topics

Wound healing, Platelet-derived growth factor receptor, Traditional medicine, Transforming growth factor, Rat model

Authors

Whika Febria Dewatisari, Putri Cahaya Situmorang, Andina Setyawati, Sri Utami, Fawzi Rahmadiyan Zuhairi

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Abstract

Context: Diabetic wound is characterized by prolonged inflammation and impaired tissue regeneration. Aims: To investigate the efficacy of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. in modulating inflammatory and regenerative cytokines, including IL-1β, PDGFβ, and TGF-β in diabetic wound healing. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling identified key phytoconstituents of the extract. This was followed by antioxidant assays of 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). A total of 36 male Wistar rats were induced with alloxan (160 mg/kg BW) to simulate diabetic wound and assigned to six groups, receiving topical treatments of moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) or G. procumbens at a dose of 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg BW for 14 days. Histological analysis and immunohistochemistry were conducted to assess epithelial thickness, fibroblast count, and cytokine expression. Results: The extract had a potent antioxidant capacity of IC₅₀ < 100 µg/mL in both ABTS and DPPH assays, while GC-MS showed n-hexadecanoic acid (26.36%) as the dominant compound. Histology showed increased epithelial thickness and fibroblast density, specifically at a 300 mg/kg BW dose of the extract. At 200 mg/kg BW, epithelial thickness increased by 96%, IL-1β expression decreased by 45% (p<0.01), while PDGFβ and TGF-β expression levels respectively increased by 60% and 70%. Immunohistochemistry found significant downregulation of IL-1β as well as upregulation of PDGFβ and TGF-β expression (p < 0.001) in treated groups, comparable to MEBO. Conclusions: G. procumbens extract enhanced diabetic wound healing by modulating oxidative stress and cytokine balance. The extract efficacy, supported by molecular and histological evidence, showed potential as a natural therapeutic agent for chronic wounds.

Whika Febria Dewatisari, Putri Cahaya Situmorang, Andina Setyawati, Sri Utami, Fawzi Rahmadiyan Zuhairi. Efficacy of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. extract in enhancing diabetic wound healing through modulation of IL-1β, PDGFβ, and TGF-β in a rat model. (2025). Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research, 13(6), 1776-1796. https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres24.2259_13.6.1776

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